Plutchik's emotion wheel. A model of human emotions for machines.
The wheel of emotion was invented by Robert Plutchik to defines a model of human emotions and their relations and combinations. It consists of 8 basic emotions, opposed in pairs, and multiple shades.
The model resulted in a circumplex where emotions and variations are represented by different colors and hues. This circumplex can be flattened in a 2D view (see below) to allow viewing of all emotions at once.
Shades of emotions
- Admiration - trust - acceptance.
- Terror - fear - apprehension.
- Amazement - surprise - distraction.
- Grief - sadness - pensiveness.
- Loathing - disgust - boredom.
- Rage - Anger - annoyance.
- Vigilance - anticipation - interest.
- Ecstasy - Joy - serenity.
Alphabetical list of emotions
- Acceptance.
- Admiration.
- Aggressiveness.
- Amazement.
- Anger.
- Annoyance.
- Anticipation (expecting nice things).
- Apprehension.
- Awe.
- Boredom.
- Contempt.
- Disapproval.
- Disgust.
- Distraction (disappointment).
- Ecstasy.
- Fear.
- Grief.
- Interest.
- Joy.
- Loathing.
- Love.
- Optimism.
- Pensiveness.
- Rage.
- Remorse.
- Sadness.
- Serenity.
- Submission (renonciation).
- Surprise.
- Terror.
- Trust.
- Vigilance.
Basic emotion and the opposite
- Joy - Sadness.
- Trust - Disgust.
- Fear - Anger.
- Surprise - Anticipation.
Relationship between emotions
| Advanced emotions | Composition | Opposite |
|---|---|---|
| Optimism | Anticipation + Joy | Disapproval |
| Love | Joy + Trust | Remorse |
| Submission | Trust + Fear | Contempt |
| Awe | Fear + surprise | Aggressiveness |
| Distraction | Surprise + Sadness | Optimism |
| Remorse | Sadness + Disgust | Love |
| Contempt | Disgust + Anger | Submission |
| Aggressiveness | Anger + anticipation | Awe |
Other emotional reactions are absent from this model: pity, disregard, shame, jealousy, desire, bitterness, humiliation, distrust, embarrassment, gratitude...
To give heart to robots and make them more human, the model should be completed.
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